Genital papillomatosis increases the risk of infection for both partners and complicates intimate life and is often transmitted from woman to child during childbirth.
Causes
The main cause of the formation of growths is HPV, which enters the body in different ways. It enters the squamous epithelial cells and stays in them for a long time without becoming known. The patient may not be aware of such an infection until the preconditions are created for its multiplication and the appearance of neoplasms. With a decrease in immunity, growths often appear in the body.
Experts identify factors that increase the risk of growth:
- frequent stress;
- nervous, physical overload;
- avitaminosis;
- decreased immunity;
- the patient's old age;
- many sexual partners;
- smoking, alcohol abuse;
- taking oral contraceptives for a long time.
The causes of papillomas can be hidden in endocrine disorders, pathologies of the digestive system and excess weight. The incubation period lasts about a year and if the immune system is functioning well, the infection may not appear. HPV is often transmitted through contact with infected objects in daily life, when ordinary cloths, razors and towels are used. Infection can occur through sexual intercourse or from a woman to a child during birth.
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Dermatologists distinguish several types of papillomas:
- Simple. The neoplasia looks like a cauliflower or rooster comb, the surface of which resembles small papillae.
- Plantar. These accumulations cause slight discomfort.
- Flat. The site of localization of such neoplasms is the cervical epithelium. Flat papillomas look like flat, itchy nodules.
- Filamentoze. Such tumors are often found in patients over 50 years of age, appear as small nodules and do not cause the development of pronounced symptoms.
- Pointy. They resemble papillary formations, which are localized as separate elements and merge into whole groups. In any case, genital warts are provoked by certain types of virus that are transmitted during sexual intercourse. The place of formation of genital warts is the intimate area, groin, anus, perineum.
Angiopapilloma is an internal growth formed by connective tissue. It attaches to the vascular walls and is capable of provoking the development of cancer.
Neoplasms in the visible areas of the body and in the intimate area often cause psychological disturbances and problems in sexual activity. Papilloma formation in the uterus can end in cancer.
kind
There are several types of HPV, considering the possible occurrence of cancerous lesions of the skin and internal organs.
Squamous
The appearance of papilloma is due to the rapid growth of squamous epithelium of the epidermis. In young people, this type of neoplasm can form in areas of the body that are injured very often.
Squamous cell papillomas are round-shaped tumors with a broad base and thin-stemmed neoplasms. At the beginning of their development, they are immobile, colored in a light or brown tone. Continuous trauma to such formations can provoke their inflammation, cell mutation begins and their transformation into carcinogens. In the absence of an effective treatment, there is a high risk of developing cancer.
Inverted
Very rarely, an inverted papilloma appears on the body. The area of its occurrence is the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Increased neoplasms in the frontal and maxillary sinuses are possible.
A feature of papillomavirus manifestation is a unilateral lesion. It is possible for an inverted growth to germinate in the bone, which ends in a lesion of the palate, skull bones, nasal sinuses, and orbital walls.
Large inverted papilloma causes nasal congestion, bleeding, and nasal discharge. When a tumor grows to a large size, the facial skeleton deforms and shifts to the side of the affected organ of vision.
Localization
Skin papillomas can form on different areas of the body. Discomfort is caused by growths on the face and when placed on the body they are constantly injured when they come in contact with clothes.
Experts identify several places where papillomas appear:
- Obese area of the hips, armpits and lower abdomen. In the fairer sex, different types of neoplasms can be localized under the chest.
- Neck, face, abdomen, back. On the face, the area of papillomas becomes mainly the area of the mouth, eyes, eyelids.
- Genitals. This area is often the site of genital warts.
- Internal organs. Neoplasms appear in the tissues of the intestine, stomach and bladder.
- Feet. Often, spinal warts appear on this part of the body.
The site of occurrence of viral neoplasms may be the oral mucosa, bladder, mammary glands, internal genital organs.
Symptoms of education
When HPV is activated, neoplasms of various types appear on the skin. Their signs are similar to each other, but there are differences.
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You can determine the formation of warts on the skin according to several symptoms:
- tumor size does not exceed 1 cm;
- the wart has clear outer borders, an inhomogeneous surface and the density is felt on palpation;
- the color of the rise can be from light gray to black;
- neoplasia has irregularly rounded shape.
The site of growth localization are mostly open areas of the body, and especially those that are constantly injured by something. Warts often appear on the hands, fingers, knees and head in the area of hair growth.
Papilloma
You can independently diagnose a growth if you know what the body of a papilloma looks like. They are skin growths with a fairly thin stalk or a flat base. Mostly virus infection occurs in public places with high humidity. It is in such an environment that it feels ideal and begins to multiply rapidly.
Patients need to know what papillomas look like on the body. The first sign of a tumor is a slight burning sensation, a tingling sensation in the epidermis. After a while, neoplasms appear in this area. Gradually they stretch and lengthen, their size increases to 1-1, 5 cm.
Often, papilloma on the skin forms in elderly patients and begins to actively increase in size. The areas where the growths are located are the chest, groin and the area under the armpits. They are flesh-colored or slightly yellow. The presence of the virus in the female body significantly increases the risk of developing cervical cancer.
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Genital warts are formed under the influence of certain types of HPV, which enter the bloodstream exclusively through sexual intercourse. Usually, the area of the anus and external genitalia, rarely the oropharynx, becomes the focus of growth localization.
Warts are papillary growths that form on different parts of the body. The individual elements often connect with each other and form a tumor that looks like a turkey comb.
Incubation period
The papilloma virus has a long incubation period that can last for many years. This means that it is quite difficult to determine the moment when the infectious agent entered the body. Virus activity can increase under the influence of various factors that disrupt the functioning of the immune system.
Once in the body, the virus enters the nuclei of dermis cells and begins to multiply rapidly there. With a decrease in the body's defenses, small papillae begin to appear on the surface of the skin, which include several cells. They grow slowly and can reach 10 cm.
Diagnosing
The diagnosis of papilloma begins with the examination of the patient by an immunologist or dermatologist. The patient's history and symptoms are examined. Laboratory and instrumental studies help identify the cause of the appearance of neoplasms in the body.
The standard diagnostic program includes:
- general and biochemical blood test;
- PCR tests;
- biopsy of the material.
Based on the research results, effective and safe methods of therapy are selected.
Treatment
It is recommended to start treatment of papillomas immediately after their detection. The choice of method depends on the area of localization of neoplasms, the reasons for their appearance, the form of HPV. How to quickly cure papilloma can be determined only by a specialist.
Cryocoagulation
With this method of therapy, the neoplasms are removed with liquid nitrogen, which causes the water in the cells to freeze and die. Cryodestruction is performed only if the tumor is benign and there are no cancer cells in it.
The procedure is considered painless, but if the skin is very sensitive, they use the introduction of novocaine. After treating the skin with liquid nitrogen, they whiten and a small bubble forms, inside which a transparent or pink liquid accumulates. When you remove the frostbite, unpleasant sensations may appear in the form of a burning sensation, but they gradually disappear. After cryodestruction, it is recommended to treat the epidermis with a solution of potassium permanganate or boric alcohol several times during the day.
After a few days, the bladder explodes and a crust forms, which protects the wound from infection. Over time, it disappears and healthy skin remains beneath it.
Surgical method
Surgery to remove the papilloma on the skin is considered the most radical method of removal, but is not used as often. The indication for surgery are large papillomas.
During surgery, the doctor removes a small area of healthy tissue, which prevents growth reshaping. The procedure is performed under local anesthesia and lasts no more than 10-15 minutes. The patient does not feel pain and after the end of the manipulation the suture is placed. The disadvantage of this method is considered to be a long period of wound healing, wound formation, wounds on the body.
Laser removal
How the papilloma will be treated is decided by the doctor after examining the patient. The most modern method of removal of growths is considered to be laser treatment, before which an analysis is done to rule out cancer cells. The area of the body where the papilloma is located is anesthetized with lidocaine. They then operate on it with laser beam and remove it completely. When treated in this way, water evaporates on the damaged cells, they dry out and form a crust.
After some time, the skin reddens, swells, but this reaction occurs after 2-3 days. The bark falls off after 5-7 days and in its place a delicate pink skin appears.
Chemical attack
An effective way to combat pathology is considered to be a chemical effect on papillomas. Removal of genital warts is performed with special preparations containing organic acids.
With the help of an applicator they are applied to the surface of the formation and cauterized. Under the influence of chemicals, the growth cells are destroyed and it disappears.
Medication treatment
Medical treatment for papilloma includes:
- Pill. Infection with a virus occurs due to a decrease in immunity, therefore, the action of drugs is aimed at increasing the body's defenses. The patient is prescribed to take vitamins, immunomodulators, antiviral agents.
- Preparations for local treatment. A good effect is the use of creams and ointments with antiviral action. For small tumors in the penis are selected gels and creams that stimulate the production of interferon. To remove the growths, the doctor prescribes solutions with cauterizing properties.
Only a doctor can determine if papillomas need to be removed in different parts of the body.
Immunomodulators
How to treat multiple papillomas on the body depends on their size and area of localization. An integrated approach involves treatment with immunomodulators, the action of which activates the body's natural defenses.
There are several types of HPV, so such drugs should be selected by a specialist after immunological studies. With papillomas in women, it is recommended to pay special attention to natural immunomodulators that help restore immunity at the DNA level.
self-effacement
Treating large papillomas at home can worsen a person's condition and cause the virus to spread throughout the body. The possibility of using funds for self-removal of growths is determined by a dermatologist. This method of treatment is possible only in the absence of an oncogenic factor and suspicions of a malignant growth.
Self-treatment of benign neoplasms involves the use of topical ointments, medications prescribed by the doctor.
Traditional methods of treatment
In addition to the treatment regimen chosen by the doctor, the use of alternative treatment methods is allowed. It is possible to stop the intense growth of papillomas and provoke its destruction when smeared with celandine, dandelion or sour apple juice.
You can smear the neoplasm daily with the protein of a fresh egg and wait for it to dry. After a while, the dry papilloma will fall off on its own. At the pharmacy you can buy a special adhesive tape, which sticks for a long time, and then the neoplasm is cleaned.
To eliminate the defect, it is recommended to cut a clove of garlic and rub it with the growth on the skin for several days in a row.
Treatment with home and folk remedies is a long process. For greater efficacy, it is recommended to combine it with medications that have antiviral effect.
Prophylaxis
Prevention of human papillomavirus is possible by maintaining body hygiene, timely treatment of any damage to the epidermis and their healing. To prevent infection, you should use personal hygiene products.
Preventing papillomas involves rejecting casual sex, adhering to a healthy lifestyle, and boosting immunity. The virus is able to become a provocative factor in the formation of papilloma in the cervix and the development of cancer. Women should regularly visit a mammologist with a gynecologist, make sure to adhere to proper nutrition. What to do if papilloma is detected, it is recommended to ask your doctor and not self-medicate.